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IB SIM I. MY. 



g LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 1 




=| UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. % 






CONFESSION OF FAITH 



FORM OF COVENANT, 



THE OLD SOUTH CHURCH, 



BOSTON; MASSACHUSETTS, 

WITH LISTS OF THE 

FOUNDERS, THE PASTORS, THE RULING ELDERS AND 
DEACONS, AND THE MEMBERS. 



11 One is your Master, even Christ ; and all ye are brethren.'* 



BOSTON: 

PRINTED BY CROCKER AND BREWSTER, 

47 ; Washington Street. 

1841. 






^7^ 



-4* a Meeting of the Church at the Chapel, Nov. 20, 1840. 

Voted, That it is expedient to re-publish the Form of Covenant, the 
Lists of the Founders and other Members, together with the Confession of 
Faith of the Old South Church. 

Voted, That one thousand copies be printed, and that each church 
member be entitled to one copy 3 also that each pew proprietor; who is 
not a church member, be entitled to a copy. 

Voted, That Brethren Cutler, Armstrong, and Sampson be a committee 
to carry into effect the foregoing votes. 

Voted, That the Pastor also furnish each candidate for church member- 
ship with a copy, previously to a public profession of religion. 



LC Control Number 




tmp96 031711 



NOTICES 



THE HISTORY OF THE OLD SOUTH CHURCH, 



The Third Congregational Church in Boston, 
now usually styled The Old South Church, was 
formed at Charlestown on the 12th and 16th of the 
third month, i. e. of May 1669, O. S. 

The Original Members were 

William Davis. Richard Trewsdale, 

Hezekiah Usher, Theophilus Frarye, afterwards Dea- 

John Hull, con, 

Edward Raynsford, afterwards Rul- Robert Walker, 

ing Elder, John Aldin, 

Peter Bracket, afterwards Deacon, Benjamin Thurston, 

Jacob Eliot, afterwards Deacon, William Salter. 

Peter Oliver, John Morse, 

Thomas Brattle, Josiah Belcher, 

Edward Rawson, Seth Perry, 

Joshua Scottoe, James Pemberton, 

Benjamin Gibbs, AVilliam Dawes, 

Thomas Savage, Joseph Davis, 

Joseph Rocke, Thomas Thatcher, afterwards chosen 
Theodore Atkinson, the first Pastor,* 

John Wing, Joseph Belknap. 



* Mr. Thatcher had been Pastor of the Church in Weymouth, M 39., 

from which he had been dismissed, and had removed to Charlestown, and 
united with the First Church there, from which he was dismissed to be* 
united with this church at its formation. 



These females are also to be regarded as among the 
founders of the church. Their names are, therefore, 
here inserted, from the book of "Admissions" 



Margaret Thatcher, Elizabeth Gibs, 

Mary Norton, Hanna Frarye, 

Mary Salter, Judith Hull, 

Mary Savage, Ranis Belcher, 

Elizabeth Raynsford, Sara Pemberton, 

Elizabeth Thurston, Sara Walker, 

Mary Tappan, Elizabeth Alden, 

Elizabeth Rocke, Sara Oliver, 

Mary Eliot, Mary Bracket, 

Susanna Dawes, Joanna Mason, 

Alice Harper, Rachel Rawson, 
Sara Bodman, 



The names of the several Pastors, and the dates of 
their ordination or installation, and of their decease 
or dismission, are as follows : — 

Thomas Thatcher, inst'd Feb. 16, 1670, deceased Oct. 15, 1678. JE 53 
Samuel Willard, do. April 10, 1678, do. Sept. 12, 1707. " 67 

Ebenezer Pemberton, ord'd Aug. 28, 1700, do. Feb. 13, 1717. " 45 
Joseph Sewall, D. D., do. Sept. 16, 1713, do. June 21, 1769. " 80 
Thomas Prince, do. Oct. 1, 1718, do. Oct. 22, 1758. " 72 

Alexander dimming, insi'd Feb. 25, 1761, do. Aug. 25, 1763. " 36 
Samuel Blair, do. Nov. 26, 1766, dismissed Oct. 10, 1769. 

John Bacon, do. Sept. 25, 1771, do. Feb. 8, 1775. 

John Hunt, ord'd Sept. 25, 1771, deceased Dec. 30, 1775. " 31 

Joseph Eckley, D. D., do. Oct. 27, 1779, do. April 30, 1811. ** 61 
Joshua Huntington, do. May 18, 1808, do. Sept. 11, 1819. « 33 
Benj.B.Wisner,D. D. do. Feb. 21, 1821, dismissed Nov. 12, 1832, having 
been chosen one of the Secretaries of the American Board of Commis- 
sioners for Foreign Missions. He died Feb. 9, 1835, aged 40, 
Samuel H. Stearns, ord'd April 16, 1834, dismissed March 8, 1836, 
George W. Blagden, inst'd Sept. 23, 1836. 



The following persons have sustained the office of 
Ruling Elder or of Deacon of this Church. 



[This list, from the manner in which the early records were kept ; 
cannot be relied on as being perfact and entire.] 



Edward Raynsford, Ruling Elder.* 

Peter Bracket, Deacon. 

Jacob Eliot, do. 

Theophilus Frarye, ord'd Deacon,f Nov. 8, 1685. 

Nathaniel Williams, elected Deacon, Oct. 15, 1693. 

iV™. 24, 1693. 

deceased in 1761 

Aug. 7, 1733, do. 1763 

April 9, 1739, resigned Jan. 23, 1764 
Sept 16, 1763, deceased, Jan.19, 1771 
Sept 16, 1763, do. Sept 1786 
Feb. 27, 1764, resigned Nov. 1793 



* Most of the churches of New England, for some time after the settle- 
ment of the country, had, besides a pastor and a teacher, and two or more 
deacons, a ruling elder, or ruling elders, whose "business," says the author 
of Ratio Disciplines, "it was to assist the pastor in visiting the distressed, 
instructing the ignorant, reducing the erroneous, comforting the afflicted, 
rebuking the unruly, discovering the state of the whole flock, exercising 
the discipline of the gospel upon offenders, and promoting the desirable 
growth of the church. 7 ' 

The name of but one ruling elder is mentioned in the Records of the 
Old South Church. This does not prove, however, that none others were 
ever chosen. There is no mention in the records of any deacon having 
been chosen till Nov. 1685. 



f In the early periods of the New England churches, the deacons were 
ordained with prayer, and the laying on of the hands of the pastor. 



James Hill, 


do. 


Daniel Henchman, 


do. 


Jonathan Simpson, 


do. 


Thomas Hubbard, 


do. 


Samuel Sewall, 


do. 


David Jeffries, 


do. 


William Phillips, 


do. 



Jonathan Mason ; elected Deacon, Aug. 20, 1770, deceased May 5, 1798 



Thomas Dawes, 


do. 


Oct. 20, 1786, 


do. Jan. 2, 1809 


Samuel Salisbury, 


do. 


March 24, 1794, 


do. May 2, 1818 


William Phillips, Jr. 


do. 


March M, 1794, 


do. May 26, 1827 


Josiah Salisbury, 


do. 


May, 8, 1817, 


do. Feb. 10, 1826 


Edward Phillips, 


do. 


May, 8, 1817, 


do. Nov. 4,1826 


Pliny Cutler, 


do. 


^W/29, 1826. 




Thomas Vose, 


do. 


April 29, 1826, < 


deceased, Oct. 3, 1840 


Samuel T. Armstrong, 


do. 


May 18, 1829. 




Charles Stoddard, 


do. 


Dec. 31, 1840, 





RULES 



THE OLD SOUTH CHURCH, 



March 27, 1826. Voted, That hereafter the fol- 
lowing shall be the method of proceeding in relation 
to applications for admission to this church on dismis- 
sion and recommendation from other churches, viz : 
The applicants shall be conversed with by the pastor 
for the purpose of ascertaining whether they approve 
of the covenant, and are disposed to conform to the 
faith and government of this church, and their letters 
of dismission and recommendation shall be examined 
and approved by the committee already appointed for 
that purpose, agreeably to a vote of this church passed 
January 1, 1816. If the pastor and the committee 
are satisfied with the results of their examinations, the 
names of the applicants shall be mentioned, as apply- 
ing for admission to this church on dismission and 



8 



recommendation from other churches, at the same 
times at which persons applying for admission on pro- 
fession are propounded. At the expiration of a fort- 
night from the time of their application being thus 
mentioned before the congregation, if no objection to 
their admission has, in the mean time, been stated to 
the pastor, their testimonials shall be read to the church 
and the vote taken upon their application, immediately 
before the usual proceedings in relation to the admis- 
sion of those who are to be received on profession. 

Voted, That in conformity with the spirit of a reso- 
lution adopted by this church January 1, 1816, it be 
a standing rule of this church, that members, who shall 
absent themselves from the communion of this church 
and associate in attendance on divine ordinances with 
other churches, be expected to apply for a dismission 
from this church in order to their regular admission to 
the churches with which they statedly worship and 
commune, within two years from the time of their thus 
ceasing regularly to commune with this church, or 
sooner if convenient ; and that when members of this 
church so worshipping and communing statedly with 
other churches, shall not apply for dismission till after 
the expiration of two years from the time of their 
ceasing regularly to attend on Christian ordinances 
with this church, they be required to accompany their 
application for a dismission and recommendation with 
a certificate, from the pastor, and when there is no 
pastor, from one of the other officers of the church with 
which they have been in the habit of communing and 
to which thev wish to be recommended, testifying to 



their correct deportment since they have worshipped 
and communed with said church. 

Voted, That members of other churches who shall 
statedly attend worship and communion with this 
church, be expected and desired to obtain a dismission 
and recommendation from the churches of w^hich they 
are members to this church, within two years, or sooner 
if convenient, from the time of beginning; thus regu- 

' coo 

larly to attend Christian ordinances with this church. 

March 1, 18*27, Voted, That the names of per- 
sons whom the pastor intends, from time to time, to be 
propounded to the church, be mentioned to the breth- 
ren and sisters of the church at a meeting, before the 
time of their being publicly propounded from the 
pulpit on the Sabbath. 



EXTRACTS 



FROM 



Rev, Di\ Wisner's Historical Sermons. 



Of Candidates for Admission. 

Persons who are seeking admission to this church, 
after repeated conversations with the pastor respecting 
their evidences of regeneration and views of Christian 
doctrine and duty, — by which he has become satisfied 
that there is, from these sources, no valid objection to 
their admission, — are to be examined by a standing 
committee of five members beside the minister. If 
their examination is satisfactory to the committee, and 
if, upon inquiry, nothing is discovered unfavorable to 
their character, they are propounded, one fortnight be- 
fore the church, and one fortnight more before the 
whole congregation. Then, if no valid objection has 
been made to their admission, they present themselves 
before the whole church, and the pastor gives a state- 
ment of the results of the several conversations had 



11 



with them ; and the brethren, if satisfied, vote to re- 
ceive them ; and they, publicly and solemnly, take 
upon them God's holy covenant. 

Of Calling a Minister. 

This church and congregation have always con- 
sidered themselves entitled to know definitely, and 

HAVE TAKEN SUITABLE MEASURES TO ASCERTAIN, 
THE RELIGIOUS SENTIMENTS OF THOSE WHOM THEY 
CALLED TO BE THEIR MINISTERS. For this purpose, 

they have not only, in all cases, before giving a min- 
ister a call, heard him preach some time on probation, 
expecting him, while doing so, to exhibit plainly and 
fully his doctrinal views ; but they have required his 
express assent to the system of doctrine usually de- 
nominated evangelical. The pastor elect having 
signified his acceptance of the call, attends a meeting 
of the church, where his testimonials are exhibited, 
and he declares his consent to the " Confession of 
Faith owned and consented unto by the Elders and 
Messengers of the churches convened at Boston in 
1680 ;" after which he is received a member of the 
church. These proceedings of the church are then 
reported to the society, and directed to be recorded in 
their minutes, as a necessary preliminary to their con- 
curring with the church in arrangements for the ordi- 
nation. 

How necessary and wise are these precautions, will 
be at once realized by every one who duly considers 



12 



how vitally the religious sentiments and character of a 
people depend on those of their ministers. A revival 
of sound doctrine and practice may emanate from the 
people ; but corruptions in either always begin with, 
and are chiefly accomplished by, the ministry. Al- 
ways, therefore, insist upon knowing, definitely and 
fully, the doctrinal sentiments of those whom you think 
of settling over you, and upon having satisfactory evi- 
dence of their real piety, and of their love and devo- 
tedness to the appropriate duties of their sacred office. 
It is your right ; and it is the very life of the church, 
and of the society as a religious association. 



THE 



CONFESSION OF FAITH 



OLD SOUTH CHURCH, 



" Owned and consented unto by the Elders and Mes- 
sengers of the Churches assembled at Boston, May 
12, 1680/' of which all its pastors, since that time, 
have been required to signify their approbation, pre- 
viously to their admission to the church in preparation 
for their ordination or installation ; and a profession of 
belief in the fundamental doctrines of which, is re- 
ceived from candidates, and announced to the brethren, 
by the pastor, previous to admission to membership. 



THE PREFACE, 

The Lord Jesus Christ witnessed a good confession, 
at the time when he said, to this end was I born, and for 
this cause came I into the world, that I should bear wit- 
ness unto the truth ; and he taketh notice of it, to the 
praise and high commendation of the church in Perga- 



14 



mos, that they held fast his name, and had not denied 
his faith. Nor are they worthy of the name of Chris- 
tians, who, though the Lord by his providence call 
them publicly to own the truth they have professed, 
shall nevertheless refuse to declare what they believe, 
as to those great and fundamental principles in the 
doctrine of Christ, the knowledge whereof is necessary 
unto salvation. We find how ready the Apostle was 
to make a confession of his faith ; though for that 
hope's sake he was accused and put in chains. And 
the Martyrs of Jesus, who have laid down their lives 
in bearing witness to the truth, against the infidelity, 
idolatry, heresy, apostacy of the world, when Pagan, 
Arian, or overspread with Popish darkness : having 
their feet shod with the preparation of the gospel of 
peace, were free and forward in their testimony, con- 
fessing the truth, yea, sealing it with their blood. 
With the heart man believeth unto righteousness, and 
with the mouth confession is made unto salvation, 
Rom. x. 10. Nor is there a greater evidence of being 
in a state of salvation, than such a confession, if made 
in times or places where men are exposed to utmost 
sufferings upon that account. 1 John iv. 15. And 
if confession of faith be, in some cases, of such im- 
portance and necessity, as hath been expressed ; it 
must needs be in itself, a work pleasing in the sight of 
God, for his servants to declare unto the world, what 
those principles of truth are, which they have received 
and are, by the help of Christ, purposed to live and 
die in the stedfast profession of. Some of the Lord's 
worthies have been of renown among his people in this 



15 



respect ; especially Iraeneus and Athanasius of old, 
and of latter times Beza, all whose (not to mention 
others) confessions, with the advantage which the 
church of God hath received thereby, are famously 
known. 

And it must needs tend much to the honor of the 
dear and blessed name of the Lord Jesus, in case many 
churches do join together in their testimony. How 
signally the Lord hath owned the confession of the 
four general Synods or Councils for the suppression of 
the heresies of those times, needs not to be said, since 
no man can be ignorant thereof, that hath made it his 
concern to be acquainted with things of this nature. 
The confession of the Bohemians, of the Waldenses, 
and of the reformed protestant churches abroad, (which 
also to shew what harmony in respect of doctrine there 
is among all sincere professors of the truth, have been 
published in one volume) all these have been of sin- 
gular use, not only to those that lived in the ages 
when these declarations were emitted, but unto pos- 
terity, yea, unto this day. 

There have been some who have reflected upon 
these New-English churches, for our defect in this 
matter, as if our principles were unknown ; whereas it 
is well known, that as to matters of doctrine, we agree 
with other reformed churches : nor was it that, but 
what concerns worship and discipline, that caused our 
fathers to come into this wilderness, while it was a 
land not sown, that so they might have liberty to 
practise accordingly. And it is a ground of holy re- 
joicing before the Lord, that now there is no advantage 



16 



left for those that may be disaffected towards as, to 
object any thing of that nature against us. For it hath 
pleased the only wise God so to dispose in his provi- 
dence, as that the elders and messengers of the 
churches in the colony of the Massachusetts in New- 
England, did, by the call and encouragement of the 
honored General Court, meet together September 10, 
1679. This Synod, at their second session, which 
was May 12, 1680, consulted and considered of a con- 
fession of faith. That which was consented unto by 
the elders and messengers of the congregational 
churches in England, who met at the Savoy, being 
for the most part, some small variations excepted, the 
same with that which was agreed upon first by the As- 
sembly at Westminster, and was approved of by the 
Synod at Cambridge in New-England, anno 1648, as 
also by a general Assembly in Scotland, was twice 
publicly read, examined and approved of: that little 
variation which we have made from the one, in com- 
pliance with the other, may be seen by those who 
please to compare them. But we have, for the main, 
chosen to express ourselves in the words of those 
reverend Assemblies, that so we might not only with 
one heart, but with one mouth glorify God, and our 
Lord Jesus Christ. 

As to what concerns church-government, we refer 
to the Platform of discipline agreed upon by the mes- 
sengers of these churches anno 1648, and solemnly 
owned and confirmed by the late Synod. 

What hours of temptation may overtake these 
churches, is not for us to say. Only the Lord doth 



17 



many times so order things, that when his people have 
made a good confession, they shall be put upon the 
trial one way or other, to see whether they have (or 
who among them hath not) been sincere in what they 
have done. The Lord grant that the loins of our 
minds may be so girt about with truth, that we may 
be able to withstand in the evil day, and having done 
all, to stand. 



CHAP. I. 

Of the Holy Scripture. 

Although the light of nature, and the works of cre- 
ation and providence, do so far manifest the goodness, 
wisdom and power of God, as to leave men unexcusa- 
ble ; yet are they not sufficient to give that knowledge 
of God and of his will, which is necessary unto salva- 
tion : therefore it pleased the Lord at sundry times, 
and in divers manners to reveal himself, and to de- 
clare that his will unto his church ; and afterwards 
for the better preserving and propagating of the truth, 
and for the more sure establishment and comfort of the 
church against the corruption of the flesh, and the 
malice of Satan and of the world, to commit the same 
wholly to writing : which maketh the Holy Scripture 
to be most necessary ; those former ways of God's re- 
vealing his will unto his people being now ceased. 



18 



II. Under the name of Holy Scripture, or the word 
of God written, are now contained all the books of the 
Old and New Testament, which are these ; 

Of the Old Testament. 

Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy,. 
Joshua, Judges, Ruth, 1 Samuel, 2 Samuel, 1 Kings, 
2 Kings, 1 Chronicles, 2 Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah, 
Esther, Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, the Song 
of Songs, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, 
Daniel, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, 
Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zachariah, 
MalachL 

Of the New Testament. 

Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, the Acts of the 
Apostles, Paul's Epistle to the Romans, 1 Corinthians, 
2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Co- 
Iossians, 1 Thessalonians, 2 Thessalonians, 1 to Timo- 
thy, 2 to Timothy, to Titus, to Philemon, the Epistle 
to the Hebrews, the Epistle of James, the first and 
second Epistles of Peter, the first, second, and third 
Epistles of John, the Epistle of Jude, the Revelation. 

All which are given by the inspiration of God to be 
the rule of faith and life. 

III. The books commonly called Apocrypha, not 
being of divine inspiration, are no part of the canon of 
the scripture ; and therefore are of no authority in the 



19 



church of God, nor to be any otherwise approved or 
made use of, than other human writings. 

IV. The authority of the holy scripture, for which 
it ought to be believed and obeyed, dependeth not 
upon the testimony of any man or church, but wholly 
upon God, who is truth itself, the author thereof; and 
therefore it is to be received, because it is the word of 
God. 

V. We may be moved and induced by the testi- 
mony of the church, to an high and reverend esteem 
of the holy scripture. And the heavenliness of the 
matter, the efficacy of the doctrine, the majesty of the 
style, the consent of all the parts, the scope of the 
whole, which is to give all glory to God, the full 
discovery it makes of the only way of man's salvation, 
the many other incomparable excellencies, and the 
entire perfection thereof, are arguments whereby it 
clyth abundantly evidence itself to be the word of God j 
yet notwithstanding, our full persuasion and assurance 
of the infallible truth and divine authority thereof, is 
from the inward work of the Holy Spirit, bearing wit- 
ness by and with the word in our hearts, 

VI. The whole counsel of God concerning all things 
necessary for his own glory, man's salvation, faith and 
life, is either expressly set down in scripture, or by 
good and necessary consequence may be deduced from 
scripture ; unto which nothing at any time is to be 
added, whether by new revelations of the spirit, or 
traditions of men. Nevertheless we acknowledge the 
inward illumination of the spirit of God to be necessary 
for the savins; understanding of such things as are re- 



20 



\ 



vealed in the word: and that there are some circum- 
stances concerning the worship of God and government 
of the church, common to human actions and societies, 
which are to be ordered by the light of nature, and 
christian prudence, according to the general rules of 
the word, which are always to be observed. 

VII. All things in scripture are not alike plain in 
themselves, nor alike clear unto all : yet those things 
which are necessary to be known, believed and ob- 
served for salvation, are so clearly propounded and 
opened in some place of scripture or other, that not 
only the learned, but the unlearned, in a due use of 
the ordinary means, may attain unto a sufficient under- 
standing of them. 

VIII. The Old Testament in Hebrew, which was 
the native language of the people of God of old ; and 
the New Testament in Greek, which at the time of 
writing of it was most generally known to the nations, 
being immediately inspired by God, and by his singular 
care and providence kept pure in all ages, are therefore 
authentical ; so as in all controversies of religion, the 
church is finally to appeal unto them. But because 
these original tongues are not known to all the people 
of God, who have right unto and interest in the scrip- 
tures, and are commanded in the fear of God to read 
and search them ; therefore they are to be translated 
into the vulgar language of every nation unto which 
they come, that the word of God dwelling plentifully 
in all, that may worship him in an acceptable manner, 
and through patience and comfort of the scriptures 

- may have hope. 



21 



IX. The infallible rule of interpretation of scrip- 
ture, is the scripture itself; and therefore when there 
is a question about the true and full sense of any 
scripture, which is not manifold, but one. it must be 
searched and known by other places, that speak more 
clearly. 

X. The supreme Judge by which all controversies 
of religion are to be determined, and all decrees of 
councils, opinions of ancient writers, doctrines of men 
and private spirits, are to be examined: and in whose 
sentence we are to rest, can be no other, but the holy 
scripture delivered by the Spirit ; into which scripture 
so delivered our Faith is finallv resolved. 



C H A P. II. 

Of God and of the holy Trinity. 

There is but one living and true God ; who is infi- 
nite in being and perfection, a most pure spirit, invisi- 
ble, without body, parts, or passions, immutable, im- 
mense, eternal, incomprehensible, almighty, most wise, 
most holy, most free, most absolute, working all things 
according to the counsel of his own immutable and 
most righteous will, for his own crlorv. most lovino-. 
gracious, merciful, long-suffering, abundant in goodness 
and truth, forgiving iniquity, transgression and sin, the 
rewarder of them that diligently seek him, and withal 
most just and terrible in his judgments, hating all sin, 
and who will by no means clear the guilty. 
*2 



22 



II. God hath all life, glory, goodness, blessedness, 
in and of himself, and is alone, in and unto himself, 
all-sufficient, not standing in need of any creatures, 
which he hath made, nor deriving any glory from them, 
but only manifesting his own glory, in, by, unto and 
upon them. He is the alone fountain of all being, of 
whom, through whom, and to whom are all things ; 
and hath most sovereign dominion over them, to do by 
them, for them, or upon them, whatsoever himself 
pleaseth : in his sight all things are open and manifest, 
his knowledge is infinite, infallible and independent 
upon the creature, so as nothing is to him contingent 
or uncertain. He is most holy in all his counsels, in 
all his works, and in all his commands. To him is 
due from angels and men, and every other creature, 
whatsoever worship, service or obedience, as creatures, 
they owe unto the Creator, and whatever he is further 
pleased to require of them. 

III. In the unity of the God-head there be three 
persons of one substance, power, and eternity, God 
the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Ghost : 
the Father is of none, neither begotten, nor proceed- 
ing ; the Son is eternally begotten of the Father ; the 
holy Ghost eternally proceeding from the Father and 
the Son. Which doctrine of the Trinity is the foun- 
dation of all our communion with God, and comfortable 
dependence upon him, 



23 

CHAP. III. 

Of God's Eternal Decree. 

God from all eternity did by the most wise and holy 
counsel of his own will, freely and unchangeably or- 
dain whatsoever comes to pass : yet so as thereby 
neither is God the author of sin, nor is violence offered 
to the will of the creatures, nor is the liberty or con- 
tingency of second causes taken away, but rather 
established. 

II. Although God knows whatsoever may or can 
come to pass upon all supposed conditions, yet hath he 
not decreed any thing, because he foresaw it as future, 
or as that which would come to pass upon such con- 
ditions. 

III. By the decree of God for the manifestation of 
his glory, some men and angels are predestinated unto 
everlasting life, and others fore-ordained to everlasting 
death. 

IV. These angels and men thus predestinated, 
and fore-ordained, are particularly and unchangeably 
designed, and their number is so certain and definite, 
that it cannot be either increased or diminished. 

V. Those of mankind that are predestinated unto 
life, God, before the foundation of the world was laid, 
according to his eternal and immutable purpose, and 
the secret counsel and good pleasure of his will, hath 
chosen in Christ unto everlasting glory, out of his mere 
free grace and love, without any foresight of faith or 



good works, or perseverance in either of them, or any- 
other thing in the creature, as conditions or causes 
moving him thereunto, and all to the praise of his glo- 
rious grace. 

VI. As God hath appointed the elect unto glory, 
so hath he by the eternal and most free purpose of his 
will fore-ordained all the means thereunto : wherefore 
they who are elected, being fallen in Adam, are re- 
deemed by Christ, are effectually called unto faith in 
Christ by his spirit working in due season, are justi- 
fied, adopted, sanctified, and kept by his power, 
through faith unto salvation. Neither are any other 
redeemed by Christ, or effectually called, justified, 
adopted, sanctified and saved, but the elect only. 

VII. The rest of mankind God was pleased, ac- 
cording to the unsearchable counsel of his own will, 
w T hereby he extendeth or withholdeth mercy, as he 
pleaseth, for the glory of his sovereign power over his 
creatures, to pass by, and to ordain them to dishonor 
and wrath for their sin, to the praise of his glorious 
justice. 

VIII. The doctrine of this high mystery of pre- 
destination, is to be handled with special prudence 
and care, that men attending the will of God revealed 
in his word, and yielding obedience thereunto, may 
from the certainty of their effectual vocation, be as- 
sured of their eternal election. So shall this doctrine 
afford matter of praise, reverence and admiration of 
God, and of humility, diligence, and abundant conso- 
lation to all that sincerely obey the gospeL 



25 

CHAP. IV, 

Of Creation, 

It pleased God the Father, Son. and Holy Ghost^ 
for the manifestation of the glory of his eternal power, 
wisdom and goodness, in the beginning to create or 
make of nothing the world, and all things therein, 
whether visible or invisible, in the space of six days, 
and all very good. 

II. After God had made all other creatures, he 
created man, male and female, with reasonable and 
immortal souls, endued with knowledge, righteousness 
and true holiness, after his own image, having the law 
of God written in their heart, and power to fulfil it ; 
and yet under a possibility of transgressing, being left 
to the liberty of their own will, which was subject to 
change. Besides this law written in their hearts, they 
received a command not to eat of the tree of the 
knowledge of good and evil ; which while they kept, 
they were happy in their communion with God, and 
had dominion over the creatures* 

CHAP. V. 

Of Providence. 

God the great Creator of all things, doth uphold, 
direct, dispose and govern all creatures, actions, and 
things, from the greatest even to the least, by his most 



26 



wise and holy providence, according to his infallible 
fore-knowledge, and the free and immutable counsel of 
his own will, to the praise of the glory of his wisdom, 
power, justice, goodness and mercy. 

II. Although in relation to the fore-knowledge and 
decree of God, the first cause, all things come to pass 
immutably, and infallibly ; yet by the same provi- 
dence he ordereth them to fall out, according to the 
nature of second causes, either necessarily, freely, or 
contingently. 

III. God in his ordinary providence maketh use of 
means, yet is free to work without, above, and against 
them at his pleasure. 

IV. The almighty power, unsearchable wisdom 
and the infinite goodness of God, so far manifest them- 
selves in his providence, in that his determinate coun- 
sel extendeth itself even to the first fall, and all other 
sins of angels and men, and that not by a bare per- 
mission, which also he most wisely and powerfully 
boundeth, and otherwise ordereth and governeth in a 
manifold dispensation, to his own most holy ends, yet 
so as the sinfulness thereof proceedeth only from the 
creature, and not from God, who being most holy and 
righteous, neither is, nor can be the author or approver 
of sin. 

V 9 The most wise, righteous and gracious God 
doth ofttimes leave for a season his own children to 
manifold temptations, and the corruption of their own 
hearts, to chastise them for their former sins, or to dis- 
cover unto them the hidden strength of corruption, and 
deceitfulness of their hearts, that they may be hum- 



27 



bled, and to raise them to a more close and constant 
dependence for their support upon himself, and to 
make them more watchful against all future occasions 
of sin, and for sundry other just and holy ends. 

VI. As for those wicked and ungodly men, whom 
God as a righteous judge for former sins, doth blind 
and harden, from them he not only withholdeth his 
grace, whereby they might have been enlightened in 
their understandings, and wrought upon in their hearts ; 
but sometimes also withdraweth the gifts which they 
had, and disposeth them to such objects as their cor- 
ruption makes occasions of sin ; and withal gives them 
over to their own lusts, the temptations of the world, 
and the power of Satan, whereby it comes to pass that 
they harden themselves, even under those means 
which God useth for the softening of others. 

VII. As the providence of God doth in general 
reach to all creatures, so after a most special manner 
it taketh care of his church, and disposeth all things 
for the good thereof. 



CHAP. VI. 

Of the Fall of Man, of Sin, and of the Punishment 
thereof 

God having made a covenant of works and life 
thereupon, with our first parents, and all their pos- 
terity in them, they being seduced by the subtilty 
and temptation of Satan, did wilfully transgress the law 



28 



of their creation, and break the covenant in eating the 
forbidden fruit. 

II. By this sin they, and we in them, fell from 
original righteousness and communion with God, and 
so became dead in sin, and wholly defiled in all the 
faculties and parts of soul and body. 

III. They being the root, and by God's appoint- 
ment standing in the room and stead of all mankind, 
the guilt of this sin was imputed, and corrupted nature 
conveyed, to all their posterity descending from them 
by ordinary generation. 

IV* From this original corruption, whereby we 
are utterly indisposed, disabled and made opposite to 
all good, and wholly inclined to all evil, do proceed 
all actual transgressions. 

V. This corruption of nature during this life, doth 
remain in those that are regenerated ; and although it 
be through Christ pardoned and mortified, yet both 
itself, and all the motions thereof are truly and prop- 
erly sin. 

VI. Every sin, both original and actual, being a 
transgression of the righteous law of God, and contrary 
thereunto, doth in its own nature bring guilt upon the 
sinner, whereby he is bound over to the wrath of God, 
and curse of the law, and so made subject to death, 
with all miseries spiritual, temporal and eternal. 



29 

CHAP. VII. 

Of GocPs Covenant with Man. 

The distance between God and the creature is so 
great, that although reasonable creatures do owe obedi- 
ence to him as their Creator, yet they could never 
have attained the reward of life, but by some volun- 
tary condescension on God's part, which he hath been 
pleased to express by way of covenant. 

II. The first covenant made with man, was a cov- 
enant of works, wherein life was promised to Adam, 
and in him to his posterity, upon condition of perfect 
and personal obedience. 

III. Man by his fall having made himself uncapa- 
ble of life, by that covenant, the Lord was pleased to 
make a second, commonly called the covenant of 
grace ; wherein he freely offereth unto sinners life and 
salvation by Jesus Christ, requiring of them faith in 
him that they may be saved, and promising to give 
unto all those that are ordained unto life, his Holy 
Spirit to make them willing and able to believe. 

IV. This covenant of grace is frequently set forth 
in Scripture by the name of a Testament, in reference 
to the death of Jesus Christ the Testator, and to the 
everlasting inheritance, with all things belonging to it. 

O J O O CD 

therein bequeathed. 

V. Although this covenant hath been differently 
and variously administered in respect of ordinances 
and institutions in the time of the law, and since the 

3 



30 



coming of Christ in the flesh ; yet for the substance 
and efficacy of it, to all its spiritual and saving ends, 
it is one and the same ; upon the account of which 
various dispensations, it is called the Old and New 
Testament. 



CHAP. VIII. 

Of Christ the Mediator. 

It pleased God in his eternal purpose, to choose and 
ordain the Lord Jesus his only begotten Son, accord- 
ing to a covenant made between them both to be the 
mediator between God and man ; the Prophet, Priest, 
and King, the head and Savior of his church, the heir 
of all things, and judge of the world ; unto whom he 
did from all eternity give a people to be his seed, and 
to be by him in time redeemed, called, justified, 
sanctified and glorified. 

II. The Son of God the second person in the 
Trinity, being very and eternal God, of one substance, 
and equal with the Father, did, when the fulness of 
time was come, take upon him man's nature, with all 
the essential properties and common infirmities thereof, 
yet without sin, being conceived by the power of the 
Holy Ghost in the womb of the virgin Mary, of her 
substance : so that two whole perfect and distinct 
natures, the God-head and the manhood, were insepar- 
ably joined together in one person, without conversion, 



31 



composition, or confusion ; which person is very God 
and very man, yet one Christ, the only mediator be- 
tween God and man. 

III. The Lord Jesus in his human nature, thus 
united to the divine in the person of the Son, was 
sanctified and anointed with the Holy Spirit above 
measure, having in him all the treasures of wisdom and 
knowledge, in whom it pleased the Father that all 
fulness should dwell, to the end that being holy, harm- 
less, undefiled, and full of grace and truth, he might 
be thoroughly furnished to execute the office of a me- 
diator and surety ; which office he took not unto him- 
self, but was thereunto called by his Father, who also 
put all power and judgment into his hand, and gave 
him commandment to execute the same. 

IV. This office the Lord Jesus Christ did most 
willingly undertake ; which that he might discharge, 
he was made under the law, and did perfectly fulfil it, 
and underwent the punishment due to us, which we 
should have borne and suffered, being made sin and a 
curse for us, enduring most grevious torments immedi- 
ately from God in his soul, and most painful sufferings 
in his body, was crucified, and died, was buried and 
remained under the power of death, yet saw no cor- 
ruption, on the third day he arose from the dead with 
the same body in which he suffered, with which also 
he ascended into heaven, and there sitteth at the right 
hand of his Father, making intercession, and shall re- 
turn to judge men and angels at the end of the 
world. 



32 



V. The Lord Jesus by his perfect obedience and 
sacrifice of himself, which he through the eternal Spirit 
once offered up unto God, hath fully satisfied the jus- 
tice of God, and purchased not only reconciliation, but 
an everlasting inheritance in the kingdom of heaven, 
for all those whom the Father hath given unto 
him. 

VI. Although the work of redemption was not 
actually wrought by Christ till after his incarnation, 
yet the virtue, efficacy and benefits thereof were com- 
municated to the elect in all ages successively from 
the beginning of the world, in and by those promises, 
types and sacrifices, wherein he was revealed and sig- 
nified to be the Seed of the woman, which should 
bruise the serpent's head, and the Lamb slain from the 
beginning of the world, being yesterday and to-day the 
same, and forever. 

VII. Christ in the work of mediation acteth ac- 
cording to both natures, by each nature doing that 
which is proper to itself: yet by reason of the unity of 
the person, that which is proper to one nature, is some- 
times in Scripture attributed to the person denominated 
by the other nature. 

VIII. To all those for whom Christ hath purchased 
redemption, he doth certainly and effectually apply 
and communicate the same, making intercession for 
them, and revealing unto them in and by the word, 
the mysteries of salvation, effectually persuading them 
by his Spirit to believe and obey, and governing their 
hearts by his word and Spirit, overcoming all their 



33 



enemies by his almighty power and wisdom, in such 
manner and ways as are most consonant to his wonder- 
ful and unsearchable dispensation. 



CHAP. IX. 

Of Free Will 

God hath endued the will of man with that natural 
liberty and power of acting upon choice, that it is 
neither forced, nor by any absolute necessity of nature 
determined to do good or evil. 

II. Man in his state of innocency had freedom and 
power to will and to do that which was good and well 
pleasing to God ; but yet mutably, so that he might 
fall from it. 

III. Man by his fall into a state of sin, hath wholly 
lost all ability to will to any spiritual good accompany- 
ing salvation, so as a natural man being altogether 
averse from that good, and dead in sin, is not able by 
his own strength to convert himself, or to prepare him- 
self thereunto. 

IV. When God converts a sinner, and translates 
him into a state of grace, he freeth him from his natu- 
ral bondage under sin, and by his grace alone enables 
him freely to will and to do that which is spiritually 
good ; yet so, as that by reason of his remaining cor- 
ruption, he doth not perfectly, nor only, will that which 
is good, but doth also will that which is evil. 

*3 



34 



V. The will of man is made perfectly and im- 
mutably free to good alone in the state of glory 
only. 



CHAP. X. 

Of Effectual Calling. 

All those whom God hath predestinated unto life, 
and those only, he is pleased in his appointed and ac- 
cepted time, effectually to call by his word and Spirit, 
out of that state of sin and death in which they are by 
nature, to grace and salvation by Jesus Christ, en- 
lightening their minds spiritually and savingly to un- 
derstand the things of God, taking away their heart of 
stone, and giving unto them an heart of flesh, renew- 
ing their wills, and by his almighty power determining 
them to that which is good, and effectually drawing 
them to Jesus Christ : yet so, as they come most 
freely, being made willing by his grace. 

II. This effectual call is of God's free and special 
grace alone, not from any thing at all foreseen in man, 
who is altogether passive therein, until being quickened 
and renewed by the Holy Spirit, he is thereby enabled 
to answer this call, and to embrace the grace offered 
and conveyed in it. 

III. Elect infants dying in infancy, are regenerated 
and saved by Christ, who worketh when and where, 
and how he pleaseth : so also are all other elect per- 



35 



sons, who are uncapable of being outwardly called 
by the ministry of the word. 

IV. Others not elected, although they may be 
called by the ministry of the word, and may have some 
common operations of the Spirit, yet not being effect- 
ually drawn by the Father, they neither do nor can 
come unto Christ, and therefore cannot be saved ; 
much less can men not professing the Christian reli- 
gion, be saved in any other way whatsoever, be they 
never so diligent to frame their lives, according to the 
light of nature, and the law of that religion they do 
profess : and to assert and maintain that they may, is 
very pernicious, and to be detested. 



CHAP. XI. 

Of Justification. 

Those whom God effectually calleth, he also freely 
justifieth, not by infusing righteousness into them, but 
by pardoning their sins, and by accounting and ac- 
cepting their persons as righteous, not for any thing 
wrought in them, or done by them, but for Christ's 
sake alone ; nor by imputing faith itself, the act of be- 
lieving, or any other evangelical obedience to them, 
as their righteousness, but by imputing Christ's active 
obedience unto the whole law, and passive obedience 
in his sufferings and death, for their whole and sole 
righteousness, they receiving and resting on him and 



36 



his righteousness by faith ; which faith they have not 
of themselves, it is the gift of God. 

II. Faith thus receiving and resting on Christ, and 
his righteousness, is the alone instrument of justifica- 
tion : yet it is not alone in the person justified, but is 
ever accompanied with all other saving graces, and is 
no dead faith, but worketh by love. 

III. Christ by his obedience and death did fully 
discharge the debt of all those that are justified, and 
did by the sacrifice of himself, in the blood of his cross, 
undergoing in their stead the penalty due unto them, 
make a proper, real, and full satisfaction to God's jus- 
tice in their behalf: yet inasmuch as he was given by 
the Father for them, and his obedience and satisfaction 
accepted in their stead, and both freely, not for any 
thing in them, their justification is only of free grace, 
that both the exact justice and rich grace of God might 
be glorified in the justification of sinners. 

IV. God did from all eternity decree to justify the 
elect, and Christ did in the fulness of time die for their 
sins, and rise again for their justification : neverthe- 
less, they are not justified personally, until the Holy 
Spirit doth in due time actually apply Christ unto 
them. 

V. God doth continue to forgive the sins of those 
that are justified ; and although they can never fall 
from the state of justification, yet they may by their 
sins fall under God's fatherly displeasure ; and in that 
condition they have not usually the light of his counte- 
nance restored unto them, until they humble them- 



37 



selves, confess their sins, beg pardon, and renew their 
faith and repentance. 

VI. The justification of believers under the Old 
Testament, was in all these respects one and the same 
with the justification of believers under the New Tes- 
tament. 



CHAP. XII. 

Of Adoption. 

All those that are justified, God vouchsafeth in and 
for his only Son Jesus Christ to make partakers of the 
grace of adoption, by which they are taken into the 
number, and enjoy the liberties and privileges of the 
children of God, have his name put upon them, receive 
the spirit of adoption, have access to the throne of 
grace with boldness, are enabled to cry Abba Father, 
are pitied, protected, provided for, and chastened by 
him as by a father, yet never cast oft, but sealed to 
the day of redemption, and inherit the promises as 
heirs of everlasting salvation. 



CHAP. XIII. 

Of Sanctif cation. 

They that are effectually called and regenerated, 
being united to Christ, having a new heart and a new 
spirit created in them, through the virtue of Christ's 



38 



death and resurrection, are also further sanctified and 
personally through the same virtue, by his word and 
Spirit dwelling in them, the dominion of the whole 
body of sin is destroyed, and the several lusts thereof 
are more and more weakened and mortified, and they 
more and more quickened and strengthened in all sav- 
ing graces, to the practice of all true holiness, without 
which no man shall see the Lord. 

II. This sanctification is throughout in the whole 
man, yet imperfect in this life, there abide still some 
remnants of corruption in every part, whence ariseth a 
continual and irreconcileable war, the flesh lusting 
against the spirit, and the spirit against the flesh. 

III. In which war, although the remaining corrup- 
tion for a time may much prevail, yet through the con- 
tinual supply of strength from the sanctifying Spirit of 
Christ, the regenerate part doth overcome, and so 
the saints grow in grace, perfecting holiness in the fear 
of God. 



CHAP. XIV. 

Of Saving Faith. 

The grace of faith, whereby the elect are enabled 
to believe to the saving of their souls, is the work of 
the Spirit of Christ in their hearts, and is ordinarily 
wrought by the ministry of the word ; by which also, 
and by the administration of the seals, prayer, and 
other means, it is increased and strengthened. 



39 



II. By this faith a Christian believeth to be true 
whatsoever is revealed in the word, for the authority 
of God himself speaking therein, and acteth differently 
upon that which each particular passage thereof con- 
tained, yielding obedience to the commands, trembling 
at the threatenings, and embracing the promises of 
God for this life, and that which is to come. But the 
principal acts of saving faith are, accepting, receiv- 
ing, and resting upon Christ alone, for justification, 
sanctification, and eternal life, by virtue of the cove- 
nant of grace. 

III. This faith, although it be different in degrees, 
and may be weak or strong, yet it is in the least de- 
gree of it different in the kind or nature of it, as is all 
other saving grace, from the faith and common grace 
of temporary believers ; and therefore, though it may 
be many times assailed and weakened, yet it gets the 
victory, growing up in many to the attainment of a full 
assurance through Christ, who is both the author and 
finisher of our faith. 



CHAP. XV. 

Of Repentance unto Life and Salvation. 

Such of the elect as are converted at riper years, 
having sometime lived in the state of nature, and 
therein served divers lusts and pleasures, God in their 
effectual calling giveth them repentance unto life. 



40 



II. Whereas there is none that doeth good, and 
sinneth not, and the best of men may through the 
power and deceitfulness of their corruptions dwelling 
in them, with the prevalency of temptation, fall into 
great sins and provocations ; God hath in the covenant 
of grace mercifully provided, that believers so sinning 
and falling, be renewed through repentance unto sal- 
vation. 

III. This saving repentance is an evangelical 
grace, whereby a person being by the Holy Ghost 
made sensible of the manifold evils of his sin, doth by 
faith in Christ humble himself for it with godly sorrow, 
detestation of it, and self abhorrency, praying for par- 
don and strength of grace, with a purpose and endeavor 
by supplies of the Spirit, to walk before God unto all 
well-pleasing in all things. 

IV. As repentance is to be continued through the 
whole course of our lives, upon the account of the 
body of death, and the motions thereof; so it is every 
man's duty to repent of his particular known sins, par- 
ticularly. 

V. Such is the provision which God hath made 
through Christ in the covenant of grace, for the pre- 
servation of believers unto salvation, that although 
there is no sin so small, but it deserves damnation, yet 
there is no sin so great, that it shall bring damnation, 
on them who truly repent ; which makes the constant 
preaching of repentance necessary. 



41 

CHAP. XVI. 

Of Good Works. 

Good works are only such as God hath commanded 
in his holy word, and not such as without the warrant 
thereof are devised by men out of blind zeal, or upon 
any pretence of good intentions. 

II. These good works done in obedience to God's 
commandments, are the fruits and evidences of a true 
and lively faith, and by them believers manifest their 
thankfulness, strengthen their assurance, edify their 
brethren, adorn the profession of the gospel, stop the 
mouths of the adversaries, and glorify God, whose 
workmanship they are, created in Christ Jesus there- 
unto, that having their fruit unto holiness, they may 
have the end eternal life. 

III. Their ability to do good works is not at all 
of themselves, but wholly from the Spirit of Christ : 
and that they may be enabled thereunto, besides the 
graces they have already received, there is required an 
actual influence of the same Holy Spirit to work in 
them to will and to do, of his good pleasure ; yet are 
they not hereupon to grow negligent, as if they were 
not bound to perform any duty, unless upon a special 
motion of the Spirit, but they ought to be diligent in 
stirring up the grace of God that is in them. 

IV. They who in their obedience attain to the 
greatest height which is possible in this life, are so far 
from being able to supererogate, and to do more than 

4 



42 



God requires, as that they fall short of much, which in 
duty they are bound to do. 

V. We cannot by our best works merit pardon of 
sin, or eternal life at the hand of God, by reason of 
the great disproportion that is between them, and the 
glory to come ; and the infinite distance that is be- 
tween us and God, whom by them we can neither 
profit, nor satisfy for the debt of our former sins ; but 
when we have done all we can, w r e have done but our 
duty, and are unprofitable servants ; and because as 
they are good, they proceed from his Spirit, and as 
they are wrought by us, they are defiled and mixed 
with so much weakness and imperfection, that they 
cannot endure the severity of God's judgment. 

VI. Yet notwithstanding, the persons of believers 
being accepted through Christ, their good works also 
are accepted in him, not as though they were in this 
life wholly unblamable and unreprovable in God's 
sight, but that he looking upon them in his Son is 
pleased to accept and reward that which is sincere, 
although accompanied by many weaknesses and im- 
perfections. 

VII. Works done by unregenerate men, although 
for the matter of them, they may be things which God 
commands, and of good use both to themselves and to 
others ; yet because they proceed not from an heart 
purified by faith, nor are done in a right manner, ac- 
cording to the word, nor to a right end, the glory of 
God; they are therefore sinful, and cannot please 
God, nor make a man meet to receive grace from God ; 



43 



and yet their neglect of them is more sinful and dis- 
pleasing to God. 



CHAP. XVII. 

Of the Perseverance of the Saints. 

They, whom God hath accepted in his Beloved, 
effectually called and sanctified by his Spirit, can 
neither totally nor finally fall away from the state of 
grace, but shall certainly persevere therein to the end, 
and be eternally saved. 

II. This perseverance of the saints depends not 
upon their own free-will, but upon the immutability of 
the decree of election, from the free and unchangeable 
love of God the Father, upon the efficacy of the merit 
and intercession of Jesus Christ, and union with him; 
the oath of God, the abiding of his Spirit, and the seed 
of God within them, and the nature of the covenant of 
grace, from all which ariseth also the certainty and 
infallibility thereof. 

III. And though they may through the temptation 
of Satan, and of the world, the pre valency of corrup- 
tion remaining in them, and the neglect of the means 
of their preservation, fall into grievous sins, and for a 
time continue therein, whereby they incur God's dis- 
pleasure, and grieve his Holy Spirit, come to have 
their graces and comforts impaired, have their hearts 
hardened, and their consciences wounded, hurt and 
scandalize others, and bring temporal judgments upon 



44 



themselves ; yet they are and shall be kept by the 
power of God through faith unto salvation. 



CHAP. XVIII. 

Of the Assurance of Grace and Salvation. 

Although temporary believers, and other unre- 
generate men may vainly deceive themselves with false 
hopes and carnal presumptions of being in the favor 
of God, and state of salvation, which hope of theirs 
shall perish, yet such as truly believe in the Lord 
Jesus, and love him in sincerity, endeavoring to walk 
in all good conscience before him, may in this life be 
certainly assured that they are in a state of grace, and 
may rejoice in the hope of the glory of God, which 
hope shall never make them ashamed. 

II. This certainty is not a bare conjectural and 
probable persuasion, grounded upon a fallible hope, but 
an infallible assurance of faith, founded on the blood 
and righteousness of Christ, revealed in the gospel, 
and also upon the inward evidence of those graces, 
unto which promises are made, and on the immediate 
witness of the Spirit, testifying our adoption, and 
as a fruit thereof, leaving the heart more humble and 
holy. 

III. This infallible assurance doth not so belong to 
the essence of faith, but that a true believer may wait 
long, and conflict with many difficulties before he be 



45 



partaker of it ; yet being enabled by the Spirit to 
know the things which are freely given him of God, 
he may without extraordinary revelation, in the right 
use of ordinary means attain thereunto ; and therefore 
it is the duty of every one to give all diligence to make 
his calling and election sure, that thereby his heart 
may be enlarged in peace and joy in the Holy Ghost, 
in love and thankfulness to God, and in strength and 
cheerfulness in the duties of obedience, the proper 
fruits of this assurance ; so far is it from inclining men 
to looseness. 

IV. True believers may have the assurance of their 
salvation divers ways shaken, diminished and inter- 
mitted, as by negligence in preserving of it, by falling 
into some special sin, which woundeth the conscience, 
and grieveth the Spirit, by some sudden or vehement 
temptation, by God's withdrawing the light of his 
countenance, suffering even such as fear him to walk 
in darkness, and to have no light ; yet are they neither 
utterly destitute of that seed of God, and life of faith, 
that love of Christ and the brethren, that sincerity of 
heart and conscience of duty, out of which by the 
operation of the Spirit, this assurance may in due time 
be revived, and by the which in the mean time they 
are supported from utter despair. 



*4 



46 

CHAP. XIX. 

Of the Law of God. 

God gave to Adam a law of universal obedience 
written in his heart, and a particular precept of not 
eating the fruit of the tree of knowledge of good and 
evil, as a covenant of works, by which he bound him 
and all his posterity to personal, entire, exact and per- 
petual obedience, promised life upon the fulfilling, and 
threatened death upon the breach of it, and endued 
him with power and ability to keep it. 

II. This law so written in the heart, continued to 
be a perfect rule of righteousness after the fall of man, 
and was delivered by God on mount Sinai in ten com- 
mandments, and written in two tables ; the four first 
commandments containing our duty towards God, and 
the other six our duty to man. 

III. Beside this law commonly called moral, God 
was pleased to give to the people of Israel, as a church 
under age, ceremonial laws, containing several typical 
ordinances, partly of worship, prefiguring Christ, his 
graces, actions, sufferings and benefits, and partly hold- 
ing forth divers instructions of moral duties : all which 
ceremonial laws being appointed only to the time of 
reformation, are by Jesus Christ, the true Messiah and 
only law giver, who was furnished with power from 
the Father for that end, abrogated and taken away. 

IV. To them also he gave sundry judicial laws, 
which expired together with the state of that people. 



47 



not obliging any now by virtue of that institution, their 
general equity only being still of moral use. 

V. The moral law doth forever bind all, as well 
justified persons as others, to the obedience thereof; 
and that not only in regard of the matter contained in 
it but also in respect of the authority of God the 
Creator, who gave it : neither doth Christ in the 
gospel any way dissolve, but much strengthen this 
obligation. 

VI. Although true believers be not under the law, 
as a covenant of works, to be thereby justified or con- 
demned, yet it is of great use to them as well as to 
others, in that, as a rule of life, informing them of the 
will of God, and their duty, and directs and binds them 
to walk accordingly, discovering also the sinful pollu- 
tions of their nature, hearts and lives, so as examining 
themselves thereby, they may come to further convic- 
tion of, humiliation for, and hatred against sin, together 
with a clearer sight of the need they have of Christ, 
and the perfection of his obedience. It is likewise of 
use to the regenerate, to restrain their corruptions, in 
that it forbids sin, and the threatenings of it serve to 
show what even their sins deserve, and what afflictions 
in this life they may expect for them, although freed 
from the curse thereof threatened in the law. The 
promises of it in like manner show them God's appro- 
bation of obedience, and what blessings they may ex- 
pect upon the performance thereof, although not as 
due to them by the law, as a covenant of works ; so as 
a man's doing good, and refraining from evil, because 
the law encoura^eth to the one, and deterreth from 



48 



the other, is no evidence of his being under the law, 
and not under grace. 

VII. Neither are the fore-mentioned uses of the 
law contrary to the grace of the gospel, but do sweetly 
comply with it, the Spirit of Christ subduing and 
enabling the will of man to do that freely and cheer- 
fully, which the will of God revealed in the law re- 
quired to be done. 



CHAP. XX. 

Of the Gospel, and of the Extent of the Grace 
thereof 

The covenant of works being broken by sin, and 
made unprofitable unto life, God was pleased to give 
unto the elect the promise of Christ, the Seed of the 
woman, as the means of calling them, and begetting in 
them faith and repentance. In this promise, the gos- 
pel, as to the substance of it, was revealed, and was 
therein effectual for the conversion and salvation of 
sinners. 

II. This promise of Christ, and salvation by him, 
is revealed only in and by the word of God : neither 
do the works of creation or providence, with the light 
of nature, make discovery of Christ, or of grace by 
him, so much as in a general or obscure way ; much 
less that men destitute of the revelation of him by the 
promise or gospel, should be enabled thereby to attain 
saving faith or repentance. 



49 



III. The revelation of the gospel unto sinners made 
in divers times, and by sundry parts, with the addition 
of promises and precepts for the obedience required 
therein, as to the nations and persons to whom it is 
granted, is merely of the sovereign will and good 
pleasure of God, not being annexed by virtue of any 
promise to the due improvement of men's natural abil- 
ities, by virtue of common light received without it, 
which none ever did make, or can so do : and there- 
fore in all ages the preaching of the gospel hath been 
granted unto persons and nations, as to the extent or 
straitening of it, in great variety, according to the 
counsel of the will of God. 

IV. Although the gospel be the only outward 
means of revealing Christ and saving grace, and is, as 
such, abundantly sufficient thereunto ; yet that men 
who are dead in trespasses, may be bom again, 
quickened or regenerated, there is moreover necessary 
an effectual, irresistible work of the Holy Ghost upon 
the whole soul, for the producing in them a new spir- 
itual life, without which no other means are sufficient 
for their conversion unto God, 



CHAP. XXL 

Of Christian Liberty, and Liberty of Conscience. 

The liberty which Christ hath purchased for be- 
lievers under the gospel, consists in their freedom from 
the guilt of sin, the condemning wrath of God, the 



50 



rigor and curse of the law, and in their being delivered 
from this present evil worlds bondage to Satan, and 
dominion of sin, from the evil of afflictions, the fear and 
sting of death, the victory of the grave, and everlasting 
damnation ; as also in their free access to God, and 
their yielding obedience unto him, not out of slavish 
fear, but a child-like love and willing mind : all which 
were common also to believers under the law, for the 
substance of them, but under the New Testament the 
liberty of Christians is further enlarged in their freedom 
from the yoke of the ceremonial law, the whole legal 
administration of the covenant of grace, to which the 
Jewish church was subjected, and in greater boldness 
of access to the throne of grace, and in fuller commu- 
nications of the free Spirit of God, than believers under 
the law did ordinarily partake of. 

II. God alone is Lord of the conscience, and hath 
left it free from the doctrines and commandments of 
men, which are in any thing contrary to his word, or 
not contained in it ; so that to believe such doctrines, 
or to obey such commands out of conscience, is to 
betray true liberty of conscience, and the requiring 
of an implicit faith, and an absolute and blind obe- 
dience, is to destroy liberty of conscience, and reason 
also. 

III. They who upon pretence of Christian liberty 
do practise any sin, or cherish any lust, as they do 
thereby pervert the main design of the grace of the 
gospel to their own destruction, so they wholly destroy 
the end of Christian liberty, which is, that being de-- 



51 



livered out of the hands of our enemies, we might 
serve the Lord without fear, in holiness and righteous- 
ness before him all the days of our life. 



CHAP. XXII. 

Of Religious Worship, and of the Sabbath-day. 

The light of nature showeth that there is a God, who 
hath lordship and sovereignty over all ; is just, good, 
and doeth good unto all, and is therefore to be feared, 
loved, praised, called upon, trusted in, and served 
with all the heart, and all the soul, and with all the 
might ; but the acceptable way of worshipping the 
true God, is instituted by himself, and so limited by 
his own revealed will, that he may not be worshipped 
according to the imaginations and devices of men, or 
the suggestions of Satan, under any visible represen- 
tations, or any other way not prescribed in the Holy 
Scriptures. 

II. Religious worship is to be given to God the 
Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, and to him alone ; not 
to angels, saints, or any other creature ; and since the 
fall, not without a mediator, nor in the mediation of 
any other but of Christ alone. 

III. Prayer with thanksgiving, being one special 
part of natural worship, is by God required of all men ; 
but that it may be accepted, it is to be made in the 
name of the Son, by the help of his Spirit, according 
to his will, with understanding, reverence, humility. 



52 



fervency, faith, love, and perseverance : and when 
with others, in a known tongue. 

IV. Prayer is to be made for things lawful, and 
for all sorts of men living, or that shall live hereafter, 
but not for the dead, nor for those of whom it may be 
known that they have sinned the sin unto death. 

V. The reading of the Scriptures, preaching and 
hearing of the word of God, singing of psalms, as also 
the administration of baptism and the Lord's supper, 
are all parts of religious worship of God, to be per- 
formed in obedience unto God, with understanding, 
faith, reverence and godly fear. Solemn humiliations 
with fastings, and thanksgiving upon special occasions, 
are in their several times and seasons to be used in an 
holy and religious manner. 

VI. Neither prayer nor any other part of religious 
worship, is now under the gospel either tied unto, or 
made more acceptable by any place in which it is per- 
formed, or towards which it is directed : but God is to 
be worshipped every where in spirit and in truth, as in 
private families daily, and in secret each one by him- 
self, so more solemnly in the public assemblies, which 
are not carelessly nor wilfully to be neglected, or for- 
saken, when God by his word or providence calleth 
thereunto. 

VII. As it is of the law of nature, that in general a 
proportion of time by God's appointment be set apart 
for the worship of God ; so by his word in a positive, 
moral and perpetual commandment, binding all men in 
all ages, he hath particularly appointed one day in 
seven for a Sabbath to be kept holy unto him, which 



53 



from the beginning; of the world to the resurrection of 
Christ, was the last day of the week, and from the 
resurrection of Christ, was changed into the first day of 
the week, which in scripture is called the Lord's day, 
and is to be continued to the end of the world as the 
Christian Sabbath, the observation of the last day of 
the week being abolished. 

VIII. This Sabbath is then kept holy unto the 
Lord, when men after a due preparing of their hearts, 
and ordering their common affairs beforehand, do not 
only observe an holy rest all the day from their own 
works, words, and thoughts about their worldly em- 
ployments and recreations, but also are taken up the 
whole time in the public and private exercises of his 
worship, and in the duties of necessity and mercy. 



CHAP. XXIII. 

Of Lawful Oaths and Vows. 

A lawful oath is a part of religious worship, wherein 
the person swearing in truth, righteousness and judg- 
ment, solemnly calleth God to witness what he asserteth 
or promiseth, and to judge him according to the truth 
or falsehood of what he sweareth. 

II. The name of God only is that by which men 
ought to swear, and therein it is to be used with all 
holy fear and reverence : therefore to swear vainly or 
rashly by that glorious and dreadful name, or to swear 
at all by any other thing, is sinful, and to be abhorred : 
5 



54 



yet as in matters of weight and moment an oath is 
warranted by the word of God, under the New Testa- 
ment, as well as under the old ; so a lawful oath, being 
imposed by lawful authority in such matters, ought to 
be taken. 

III. Whosoever taketh an oath warranted by the 
word of God, ought duly to consider the weightiness 
of so solemn an act, and therein to avouch nothing but 
what he is fully persuaded is the truth : neither may 
any man bind himself by oath to any thing, but what 
is good and just, and what he believeth so to be, and 
what he is able and resolved to perform. Yet it is a 
sin to refuse an oath touching any thing that is good 
and just, being lawfully imposed by authority. 

IV. An oath is to be taken in the plain and com- 
mon sense of the words, without equivocation, or men- 
tal reservation : it cannot oblige to sin, but in any 
thing not sinful being taken, it binds to performance, 
although to a man's own hurt ; nor is it to be violated, 
although made to heretics or infidels. 

V. A vow, which is not to be made to any crea- 
ture, but God alone, is of the like nature with a 
promissory oath, and ought to be made with the like 
religious care, and to be performed with the like faith- 
fulness. 

VI. Popish monastical vows of perpetual single 
life, professed poverty, and regular obedience, are so 
far from being degrees of higher perfection, that they 
are superstitious and sinful snares, in which no Chris- 
tian may entangle himself. 



55 

CHAP. XXIV. 

Of the Civil Magistrate. 

God, the supreme Lord and King of all the world, 
hath ordained civil magistrates to be under him, over 
the people for his own glory and the public good ; and 
to this end hath armed them with the power of the 
sword, for the defence and encouragement of them that 
do good, and for the punishment of evil doers. 

II. It is lawful for Christians to accept and execute 
the office of a magistrate, when called thereunto : in 
the management whereof, as they ought especially to 
maintain piety, justice and peace, according to the 
wholesome laws of each commonwealth, so for that 
end they may lawfully now under the New Testament 
wage war upon just and necessary occasion. 

III. They, who upon pretence of Christian liberty 
shall oppose any lawful power, or the lawful exercises 
of it, resist the ordinance of God, and for their publish- 
ing of such opinions, or maintaining of such practices 
as are contrary to the light of nature, or to the known 
principles of Christianity, whether concerning faith, 
worship or conversation, or to the power of godliness, 
or such erroneous opinions or practices, as either in 
their own nature, or in the manner of publishing or 
maintaining them, are destructive to the external 
peace and order which Christ hath established in the 
church, they may lawfully be called to account, and 
proceeded against by the censures of the church, and 



56 



by the power of the civil magistrate ; yet in such dif- 
ferences about the doctrines of the gospel, or ways of 
the worship of God, as may befall men exercising a 
good conscience, manifesting it in their conversation, 
and holding the foundation, and duly observing the 
rules of peace and order, there is no warrant for the 
magistrate to abridge them of their liberty. 

IV* It is the duty of people to pray for magistrates, 
to honor their persons, to pay them tribute and other 
dues, to obey their lawful commands, and to be sub- 
ject to their authority for conscience sake. Infidelity, 
or difference in religion, doth not make void the mag- 
istrates' just and legal authority, nor free the people 
from their due obedience to him : from which ecclesi- 
astical persons are not exempted, much less hath the 
Pope any power or jurisdiction over them in their 
dominions, or over any of their people, and least of all 
to deprive them of their dominions or lives, if he shall 
judge them to be heretics, or upon any other pretence 
whatsoever. 



CHAP. XXV. 

0/ Marriage* 

Marriage is to be between one man and one woman : 
neither is it lawful for any man to have more than one 
wife, nor for any woman to have more than one hus-* 
band at the same time. 



57 



II. Marriage was ordained for the mutual help of 
husband and wife, for the increase of mankind with a 
legitimate issue, and of the church with an holy seed, 
and for preventing of uncleanness. 

III. It is lawful for all sorts of people to marry, 
who are able with judgment to give their consent. 
Yet it is the duty of Christians to marry in the Lord, 
and therefore such as profess the true reformed religion, 
should not marry with Infidels, Papists, or other idola- 
ters : neither should such as are godly, be unequally 
yoked by marrying such as are wicked in their life, or 
maintain damnable heresy. 

IV. Marriage ought not to be within the degrees 
of consanguinity or affinity forbidden in the word, nor 
can such incestuous marriages ever be made law- 
ful by any law of man, or consent of parties, so as 
those persons may live together as man and wife. 



CHAP. XXVI. 

Of the Church. 

The Catholic or Universal church, which is invisi- 
ble, consists of the whole number of the elect, that 
have been, are, or shall be gathered into one under 
Christ the head thereof, and is the spouse, the body, 
the fulness of him that filleth all in all. 

II. The whole body of men throughout the world, 
professing the faith of the gospel, and obedience unto 



58 



God by Christ according unto it, not destroying their 
own profession by any errors everting the foundation, 
or unholiness of conversation, they and their children 
with them are, and may be called the visible Catholic 
church of Christ, although as such it is not intrusted 
with any officers to rule or govern over the whole 
body. 

III. The purest churches under heaven are subject 
both to mixture and error, and some have so degener- 
ated as to become no churches of Christ, but syna- 
gogues of Satan : nevertheless Christ always hath had, 
and ever shall have a visible kingdom in this world, to 
the end thereof, of such as believe in him, and make 
profession of his name. 

IV. There is no other head of the church but the 
Lord Jesus Christ, nor can the Pope of Rome in any 
sense be head thereof, but is that antichrist, that man 
of sin, and son of perdition, that exalteth himself in 
the church against Christ, and all that is called God, 
whom the Lord shall destroy with the brightness of his 
coming. 

V. As the Lord in his care and love towards his 
church, hath in his infinite wise providence, exercised 
it with great variety in all ages for the good of them 
that love him, and his own glory ; so according to his 
promise, we expect that in the latter days, antichrist 
being destroyed, the Jews called, and the adversaries 
of the kingdom of his dear Son broken, the churches of 
Christ being enlarged and edified, through a free and 
plentiful communication of light and grace, shall enjoy 



59 



in this world a more quiet, peaceable and glorious con- 
dition, than they have enjoyed. 



CHAP. XXVII. 

Of the Communion of Saints. 

All Saints that are united to Jesus Christ their head 
by his Spirit and faith, although they are not made 
thereby one person with him, have fellowship in his 
graces, sufferings, death, resurrection and glory : and 
being united to one another in love, they have com- 
munion in each others gifts and graces, and are obliged 
to the performance of such duties, public and private, 
as do conduce to their mutual good, both in the inward 
and outward man. 

II. All Saints are bound to maintain an holy fel- 
lowship, and communion in the worship of God, and 
in performing such other spiritual services as tend to 
their mutual edification : as also in relieving each other 
in outward things, according to their several abilities 
and necessities : which communion, though especially 
to be exercised by them in the relations wherein they 
stand, whether in families or churches, yet as God 
offereth opportunity, is to be extended unto all those 
who in every place call upon the name of the Lord 
Jesus, 



60 

CHAP. XXVIII. 

Of the Sacraments. 

Sacraments are holy signs and seals of the covenant 
of grace, immediately instituted by Christ, to represent 
him and his benefits, and to confirm our interest in him, 
and solemnly to engage us to the service of God, in 
Christ, according to his word. 

II. There is in every sacrament a spiritual relation, 
or sacramental union between the sign and the thing 
signified ; whence it comes to pass, that the names and 
effects of the one are attributed to the other. 

III. The grace which is exhibited in or by the 
sacraments rightly used, is not conferred by any power 
in them, neither doth the efficacy of a sacrament de- 
pend upon the piety or intention of him that doth ad- 
minister it, but upon the work of the Spirit, and the 
word of institution, which contains together with a 
precept authorizing the use thereof, a promise of benefit 
to worthy receivers. 

IV. There be only two sacraments ordained by 
Christ our Lord in the gospel, that is to say, Baptism 
and the Lord's Supper ; neither of which may be dis- 
pensed by any but by a minister of the word lawfully 
called. 

V. The sacraments of the Old Testament, in re- 
gard of the spiritual things thereby signified and 
exhibited, were for substance the same with those of 
the New. 



61 

CHAP. XXIX. 

Of Baptism. 

Baptism is a sacrament of the New Testament, or- 
dained by Jesus Christ, to be unto the party baptized 
a sign and seal of the covenant of grace, of his ingraft- 
ing into Christ, of regeneration, of remission of sins, 
and of his giving up unto God through Jesus Christ, 
to walk in newness of life ; which ordinance is by 
Christ's own appointment to be continued in his church, 
until the end of the world. 

II. The outward element to be used in this ordi- 
nance is water, wherewith the party is to be baptized 
in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the 
Holy Ghost, by a minister of the gospel lawfully called 
thereunto. 

III. Dipping of the person into the water is not 
necessary, but baptism is rightly administered by pour-' 
ing or sprinkling water upon the person. 

IV. Not only those that do actually profess faith 
in, and obedience unto Christ, but also the infants of 
one or both believing parents are to be baptized, and 
those only. 

V. Although it be a great sin to contemn or neglect 
this ordinance, yet grace and salvation are not so in- 
separably annexed to it, as that no person can be re- 
generated or saved without it ; or that all that are bap- 
tized are undoubtedly regenerated. 



62 



VI. The efficacy of baptism is not tied to that 
moment of time wherein it is administered, yet not- 
withstanding, by the right use of this ordinance, the 
grace promised is not only offered, but really exhibited 
and conferred by the Holy Ghost to such (whether of 
age or infants) as that grace belongeth unto, accord- 
ing to the counsel of God's own will in his appointed 
time. 

VII. Baptism is but once to be administered to 
any person. 



CHAP. XXX. 

Of the Lord's Supper. 

Our Lord Jesus in the night wherein he was be- 
trayed, instituted the sacrament of his body and blood, 
called the Lord's Supper, to be observed in his churches 
to the end of the world, for the perpetual remem- 
brance, and showing forth of the sacrifice of himself in 
his death, the sealing of all benefits thereof unto true 
believers, their spiritual nourishment and growth in 
him, their further engagement in and to all duties 
which they owe unto him, and to be a bond and 
pledge of their communion with him, and with each 
other. 

II. In this sacrament Christ is not offered up to 
his Father, nor any real sacrifice made at all for remis- 
sion of sin of the quick or dead, but only a memorial 
pf that one offering up of himself upon the cross once 



63 



for all, and a spiritual oblation of all possible praise 
unto God for the same ; so that the popish sacrifice of 
the mass, as they call it, is most abominable injurious 
to Christ's own only sacrifice, the alone propitiation for 
all the sins of the elect. 

III. The Lord Jesus hath in this ordinance ap- 
pointed his ministers to declare his word of institution 
to the people, to pray and bless the elements of bread 
and wine, and thereby to set them apart from a com- 
mon to an holy use, and to take and break the bread, 
to take the cup, and (they communicating also them- 
selves) to give both to the communicants, but to none 
who are not then present in the congregation. 

IV. Private masses, or receiving the sacrament by 
a priest, or any other alone, as likewise the denial of 
the cup to the people, worshipping the elements, the 
lifting them up, or carrying them about for adoration, 
and the reserving them for any pretended religious use, 
are all contrary to the nature of this sacrament, and to 
the institution of Christ. 

V. The outward elements in this sacrament duly 
set apart to the uses ordained by Christ, have such 
relation to him crucified, as that truly, yet sacramen- 
tally only, they are sometimes called by the name of 
the things they represent, to wit, the body and blood 
of Christ ; albeit in substance and nature they still 
remain truly and only bread and wine as they were 
before. 

VI. That doctrine which maintains a change of 
the substance of bread and wine, into the substance of 
Christ's body and blood (commonly called transub- 
stantiation) by consecration of a priest, or by any other 



64 



way, is repugnant not to the scriptures alone, but even 
to common sense and reason, overthroweth the nature 
of the sacrament, and hath been, and is the cause of 
manifold superstitions, yea, of gross idolatries. 

VII. Worthy receivers outwardly partaking of the 
visible elements in this sacrament, do then also in- 
wardly by faith, really and indeed, yet not carnally and 
corporally, but spiritually, receive and feed upon Christ 
crucified, and all benefits of his death ; the body and 
blood of Christ being then not corporally or carnally 
in, with, or under the bread and wine, yet as really, 
but spiritually present to the faith of believers in that 
ordinance, as the elements themselves are to their out- 
ward senses. 

VIII. All ignorant and ungodly persons, as they 
are unfit to enjoy communion with Christ, so are 
they unworthy of the Lord's table, and cannot without 
great sin against him, whilst they remain such, partake 
of these holy mysteries, or be admitted thereunto ; yea, 
whosoever shall receive unworthily, are guilty of the 
body and blood of the Lord, eating and drinking judg- 
ment to themselves. 

CHAP. XXXI. 

Of the State of Man after Death, and of the 
Resurrection of the Dead. 

The bodies of men after death return to dust, and 
see corruption ; but their souls (which neither die nor 
sleep) having an immortal substance, immediately re- 



65 



turn to God who gave them, the souls of the righteous 
being then made perfect in holiness, are received into 
the highest heavens, where they behold the face of God 
in light and glory, waiting for the full redemption of 
their bodies : and the souls of the wicked are cast into 
hell, where they remain in torment and utter darkness, 
reserved to the judgment of the great day : besides 
these two places of souls separated from their bodies, 
the scripture acknowledged none. 

II. At the last day such as are found alive shall 
not die, but be changed, and all the dead shall be 
raised up with the self same bodies, and none other, 
although with different qualities, which shall be united 
again to their souls forever. 

III. The bodies of the unjust shall by the power 
of Christ be raised to dishonor ; the bodies of the just 
by his Spirit unto honor, and be made conformable to 
his own glorious body. 



CHAP. XXXIL 

Of the Last Judgment, 

God hath appointed a day wherein he will judge 
the world in righteousness by Jesus Christ, to whom 
all power and judgment is given by the Father : in 
which day, not only the apostate angels shall be judged, 
but likewise all persons that have lived upon earth, 
shall appear before the tribunal of Christ, to give an 
account of their thoughts, words and deeds, and to re- 
6 



66 



ceive according to what they have done in the body, 
whether good or evil. 

II. The end of God's appointing this day, is for 
the manifestation of the glory of his mercy in the eter- 
nal salvation of the elect, and of his justice in the 
damnation of the reprobate, who are wicked and diso- 
bedient : for then shall the righteous go into everlast- 
ing life, and receive that fulness of joy and glory, with 
everlasting reward in the presence of the Lord, but 
the wicked, who know not God, and obey not the 
gospel of Jesus Christ, shall be cast into eternal tor- 
ments, and be punished with everlasting destruction 
from the presence of the Lord, and from the glory of 
his power. 

III. As Christ would have us to be certainly per- 
suaded that there shall be a judgment, both to deter 
all men from sin, and for the greater consolation of 
the godly in their adversity ; so will he have that day 
unknown to men, that they may shake off all carnal 
security, and be always watchful, because they know 
not at what hour the Lord will come, and may be 
ever prepared to say, Come Lord Jesus, come quickly. 
Amen. 



FORM OF COVENANT 

OF THE 

OLD SOUTH CHURCH, 

ADOPTED NOVEMBER 3, 1769. 



You do now, in the presence of God, and 
before his holy angels, and this assembly, sol- 
emnly profess to give up yourself, to God the 
Father, as your chief good, — to the Son of 
God, as your Mediator, Head and Lord, rely- 
ing upon Him as the Prophet, Priest and King 
of your salvation, — to the Holy Spirit of 
God, as your Sanctifier, Guide and Comforter, 
to be a temple for Him to dwell in. You pro- 
fess to give up yourself to this one God, who 
is the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, in an 
everlasting covenant, to love, obey and 
serve Him forever. 

You also promise to walk with this Church 
of Christ, in a due submission to, and attend- 



68 



ance upon, all the orders and ordinances of the 
Gospel ; and that, by the help of the Spirit, 
you will adorn this your profession, by a holy, 
blameless, fruitful life and conversation. 

This you do promise ? 

We also do, by the help of the same Spirit, 
promise you, that we will carry it towards you, 
as towards those brought up with us in the fel- 
lowship of the saints. We will watch over 
you, not for your halting, but for your edifica- 
tion. We will counsel, reprove, comfort, and 
exhort you, as your circumstances, and our 
acquaintance therewith, shall require. 



This sacred covenant has been deliberately entered 
into, and its high obligations voluntarily assumed, by 
every member of this church. Those obligations are 
now, and will be until death, upon every one who has 
assumed them > for he that "openeth his mouth unto 
the Lord, cannot go back." See Judg. xi, 35. Luke 
ix, 62. Heb.x, 38, 39. 2 Pet. ii, 20, 21. This 
holy covenant has been renewed by every member of 
this church, every time he has partaken of the Lord^s 
Supper ; for every participation of that ordinance, is a 
renewed ratification of the covenant between the pro- 
fessed believer and Christ, of which the Savior has de~ 



69 



clared that sacrament to be a seal, Luke xxii, 20 ; and 
a renewal of the ratification of a covenant, of course, 
implies a renewal of the covenant itself. 

To assist the members of this church, in keeping in 
mind their covenant engagements, the following hints 
were, in conformity with a vote of the brethren, pre- 
pared in 1826, by the then pastor, Rev. B. B. Wisner, 
to be printed with the covenant. 

1. Give a diligent and devout attention to the 
Covenant whenever it is publicly proposed to candi- 
dates for admission to the church, recollecting as each 
article is repeated, that you have solemnly entered into 
that engagement. 

2. Attend regularly, except when necessarily pre- 
vented, upon the holy communion. Examine yourself 
carefully, in your private preparation for this service, 
in relation to each article of the Covenant, humbly 
confessing to God the deficiencies you discover, and 
supplicating forgiveness through the blood of Christ ; 
and then, in your closet, solemnly renew your engage- 
ments with God as expressed in the Covenant, earnestly 
praying for grace to keep it more faithfully in future. 
Let a part of the evening preceding each administra- 
tion of the Lord's Supper, if passible, be occupied in 
this manner. And when you come to the communion, 
recollect among other things, that you are renewing 
the ratification of your covenant with God and with 
your brethren. 

3. Regard the Holy Scriptures, in your daily read- 
ing of them as "the book of the covenant" which you 
have made with the Most High — exhibiting the duties, 

*6 



70 



to God and man, which you have engaged to perform, 
and the blessings you may expect to receive from 
God, if you are faithful to your engagements. See 
Exod. xxiv, 7. 

4. Often reflect, and strive to have it deeply im- 
pressed on your mind, that you have taken God, an- 
gels and men, to witness that you have "given your- 
self up to Jehovah in an everlasting covenant, to love, 
obey and serve him forever ;" that God, and angels, 
and men, are observing how you fulfil these engage- 
ments ; that religion will be honored or dishonored, 
and the salvation of those around you, yet in impeni- 
tence, promoted or hindered, by your faithfulness or 
unfaithfulness to your vows ; and that the Covenant 
you have taken, and so often virtually renewed, will 
be one of the tests to be applied to your character in 
the day of judgment. 

5. Endeavor, as far as paramount duties will per- 
mit, to cultivate a Christian acquaintance with your 
brethren. And when in their company, converse fre- 
quently upon the things pertaining to the kingdom of 
God ; and particularly of your duties and obligations 
as the covenant people of God. See Mai. hi, 16. 
Heb. x, 24, and hi, 13. " This practice," says one, 
"would be of eminent service to help the memory, in 
regard to our covenant obligations, as also to quicken 
unto obedience. Thus, for instance, when a brother 
is observed to be going into temptation, or in present 
danger of falling into some transgression, it is not im- 
probable that these words, spoken in a suitable man- 
ner, in his hearing, REMEMBER YOUR CO V- 



71 



EN ANT, would prevent his fall ; or, if he has already 
fallen, it may be those words would be the means of 
recovering him out of the snare of the devil, and of 
bringing him unto unfeigned repentance." 

6. While you expect justification and all the 
blessings of salvation, solely on account of the righte- 
ousness of Christ, and trust in Him alone for grace to 
fulfil your covenant engagements, endeavor habitually 
and practically to remember that his obedience unto 
death has not released believers from their obligations 
to personal holiness ; that it has not diminished, but 
greatly increased those obligations. See Isa. lxiv, 6. 
Rom. iii, 20. Phil, hi, 89. Rom. iv. 2 Cor. v, 14, 15. 

7. In your daily secret prayers, entreat your cov- 
enant-keeping God to fulfil to you that gracious 
promise recorded in Jer. xxxi, 33, putting his law, the 
rule of the Covenant, in your inward parts, and writ- 
ing it in your hearts, — "that He would make it ready 
and familiar to you, at hand when you have occasion 
to use it, as that which is written in the heart ; that 
he would work in you a strong disposition to obedience, 
and an exact conformity of thought and affection to 
the rules of the divine law, as that of the copy to the 
original." 



CATALOGUE 



MEMBERS OF THE OLD SOUTH CHURCH. 



JAN. 1341. 



The Committee, who were charged with the republication of this work, 
have devoted much time in its preparation 3 and they have been aided in 
this labor by the Pastor, and by others. It is hoped that the subjoined 
list of church members is accurate ; but yet it is feared that it may be 
found somewhat unperfect. If there are any omissions, it will be a cause 
of deep regret to the Committee 3 should mistakes of any kind be dis- 
covered, an apology can be found in the difficulty of preparing a com- 
plete and entirely accurate catalogue. 

All corrections will be made by the Pastor, if given to him in writing. 

The Committee, in submitting this little work to their fellow members, 
do it with the cherished expectation that it will supply them with much 
assistance in their efforts to acquire a deeper understanding of the Faith 
which they profess, and will better enable them to render a reason for the 
Hope which is in them. With these views they would devoutly invoke 
the Divine blessing upon it, and upon this church of the Lord Jesus Christ. 

Those persons who are not members of the Old South Church on pro- 
fession, but who have been received from any other church, have affixed 
to their names the letter ?\ 



1792. April 8. Elizabeth Leverett, 

1793. March 10. Samuel Coverly, 



May 5. Elizabeth ConnelL 



74 

1794. March 9. Abiah Bonner, 

1795. May 3. Thomas Barry, 

Elizabeth Gill, 

1796. Feb. 7. Elizabeth Mitchell. 
Aug. 28. Elizabeth Sewall, 

1799. July 28. Elizabeth Foster, 

1803. Sept. 18. Mary Boyenton Moody, 

Sarah Hunting, 

1804. June 24. Sarah Mudge, 
Dec. 9. Susanna Barrett, 

1806. March 30. Henrietta Moody, 
May 25. Margaret Foster, 

Lydia Foster, 
Oct. 12. Susan Dorr, 

Nancy Hazen, 

1807. Jan. 4. Elizabeth Lyon, 
March 1. Phebe Cutler, 
June 21. Abigail Brewer, 

1808. Nov. 6. Ann Goff, 

Mary Turril Appleton, 
Sarah Edes, r. 
Temperance Cook, r. 

1809. May 21. Sarah B. Noyes, 
June 18. Lydia W. Thayer, 
Nov. Abigail Child, 

1810. Aug. Mary Jones, 

Oct. 23. Pliny Cutler, Deacon. 

1811. Feb. Susannah Balch, 
July 14. Elizabeth Coverly, 



75 



1811. 



1812. 



1813. 



July 


14. 


Sarah Ware, 


Aug. 


11. 


Abigail Stimpson, 


Sep. 


8. 


Hannah Williams, 
Eliza King, 
Eleanor Bryant, 


Oct. 


6. 


Rebecca Howe, 


Dec. 


1. 


Lucy Davis, 




29. 


Hepzibah Swett, 
Nancy Waitt, 
Ami Lyon, 


Jan. 


26. 


Sarah Baker, 


Feb. 


23. 


John Low, 


March 22. 


Mary Proctor, 






Eliza Proctor, 


April 


19. 


Sarah Warden, 
Sally Hayward, 


July 


12. 


Catharine Andrews, 


Sept. 


6. 


Hannah Kinsman, r. 


Oct. 


4. 


Marsa Estis, 
Christiana Wilder, 
Ruth Hall, 
Susan Wood, 


Nov. 


1. 


Hannah Grover, 


Jan. 


24. 


Lydia B. Blanchard, 


June 


13. 


Lucretia Smallage, 
Mary Siders, 
Susan Lock, 
Rebecca Rix, 


July 


11. 


Susan M'Cloud, 


Oct. 


2. 


Abigail Foster, 



76 



1813. 



1814. 



1815. 



1816. 



Nov. 


28. 


Jacob Howe, 
Jane Howe, 
Rebecca S. Robbins, r. 
Lucretia Stone, r. 


Jan. 


23. 


Sarah Whitwell, 


Feb. 


20. 


Catharine French, 


April 


17. 


Elizabeth Andrews, 
Lucy Howe, 


May 


15. 


Abigail F. Salisbury, 


June 


26. 


Susannah Wallace, r. 


July 


10. 


Mary Bradley Rice, 


Bee. 


4. 


Sally Murdock, 


July 


9. 


Margaret Tyler, 
Hannah Tufts, 


Aug. 


6. 


Rebecca Lombard, r. 
Mary Thompson, 


Bee. 


24. 


Samuel T. Armstrong, Beacon, 


Jan. 


21. 


Elizabeth Dorr, 

Aaron P. Cleaveland, r. 

Abigail G. Vose, r. 


Feb. 


18. 


Elizabeth Carter, 


March 17. 


Abigail Armstrong, 


June 


9. 


Elizabeth J. Wesson, 
Lucy Whiting, 


Aug. 


4. 


Eliza Atkins, 
Hepzibah C. Child, 


Nov. 


24. 


Elizabeth Thacher, 


Bee. 


22. 


Charity Pickens, r. 
Abner Phelps, r. 
Charity Nash, r. 



77 



1817. March 16. 

Oct. 15. 

1818. Feb. 15. 
March 8. 

15. 
April 12. 
Jime 7. 

Dec. 13. 

1819. Jim. 17. 
March 14. 

il% 9. 
July 1 1 . 

1820. Jan. 16. 

jFe6. 6. 
-4pn7 9, 

Sept. 24. 
Dec. 17. 

1821. April 6. 
Sfepf. 16. 

23. 



Eliza Lane, 
Joanna Bond, 
Eliza Lane, 
Charlotte Plaistead, 
Lucretia Cunningham, r. 
Samuel H. W alley, r. 
Mary Wilson, 
Elisha Field, 
Tamar Flint, 
Abigail B. Tinkham, 
Catharine Campbell, r, 
Caroline French, 
John Homes, 
Harriet Robbins, 
Mary Martis, 
Sarah P. Baldwin, r, 
Paul Whitney, 
Lucy Whitney, 
Ann R. Rhodes, r. 
Catherine Kimball, 
Mary Callender, r. 
Anna Whitman, 
Sarah Fessenden, 
Abel Baker, 
Ann West, 

Rebecca Cazneau Allyne, 
Jane Bruce, r. 
Sarah H. Wisner, r. 
Mary Etheridge, 
John Foster, 
Abigail Pico, 



1821. 


Nov. 18. 


1622. 


March 10. 




June 9. 




Nov. 17. 


1823. 


Jan. 12. 




Feb. 9. 




March 23. 



78 

Charles Stoddard, Deacon. 
Mary E. R. R. Pemberton. 

Elizabeth Bird, r. 

Elizabeth Jackson, 

Ann French, r. 

Hannah Stickney, r. 

Elizabeth Blackman, r. 
Keziah Broad, 

Sarah Foster, r. 

Rachel Foster, r. 

Maty A. Barnard, 

Mary Fessenden, 
June 29. Gideon Adams, 

Joseph Bond, 

Hannah Bird, 

Mary R. Briggs, 

Eliza Gardner, 

Mary Gardner, 

Lucy Jones, 

Martha Reed, 
Oct. 19. Elizabeth Scott, 

Elizabeth Blake, 

Margaret Ann Adams, 

Rebecca Louge, 

Lucy Allen. 

Mary Barry, 

Sally Foster, 

Susan Elmes, 

Elizabeth Hadley, 

Nancy Hill, 

Lucy H. Greene, 



79 

1823. Oct 19. Lydia S. Bird, 

Sarah Wood, 
Increase S. Withington, 
Sarah W. Withington, 
Martha I. Chittenden, 
Olive Mclntire, 
Dec. 21. Abigail Salisbury, r. 
Rebecca Brown, r. 
Sarah J. Stimson, r. 
Ruth Copeland, r. 

1824. Jan. 11. Jane P. Prichard, 

Sarah Trull, 
Lydia Muzzy, 
Elizabeth Brackett, 
Huldah P. Means, 
Olive Gould, 
Huo;h B. Lou£e. 
Moses Day, 
May 2. Catherine Luscum, 
Elizabeth Chapman, 
Clarinda Boles, 
Sarah E. Holland, 
James Means, 
Baker Mosely, 
Lydia Hollis, 
Thomas dishing, 

June 20. Philinda Lane, r. 

Sept. 19. Mercy Bates, 
Sarah Bates, 

Dec. 26. Sarah J. Wiggins, r. 
Mary Howe, r. 



80 

1825, Jan. 9. Mary Ann Glover, 

Lucy Marsh, 
Ann Whitton, 
Mary Ann Geyer, 
Elijah Davenport, 
Samuel Coverly, Jr, 

April 3. Edward Locke, 
Comfort Chesley, 
25. Susan Davenport, r. 

June 26. Susannah Barker, 
Polly Combs, 
Nancy Brown, 
Sarah Keller, 
Arethusa Collins, 
Ann Metzler* 

Dec. 11. Nancy Leavitt, 

Harriet M. Harris, 

1826, March 27. Susan Lane, r. 

Amia Ellis, r. 
April 2. Mary Brown, 

Charlotte Hovey r 
Oct. 15. Mary Dame, 

1827, Jan. 7. Mary C. Ford, r. 

Sarah S. Larkin, r. 
Joanna Means, 
Nancy Severance, 
Elizabeth M. Dutch, 
Caroline C. Lynch , 
April 1. Joseph Tilden, 
Isaac Bird, 



81 

1827. April 1. Justus Clark, 

James Blake, Jr. 
Sumner Hill, 
Abigail Hill, 
Judith E. Kehoe, 
Clarissa Gannet, 
T. W. Cunningham, 
Hannah C. Porter, 
Sarah Curtis, 
June 23. Sarah Mayo, r. 
Lucy Farnum, r. 
Isaac Means, 
Jonathan French, 
Lois Williams, 
Clarissa Babbitt, 
Abigail Newell, 
Margaret Foss, 
Mary Tracy, 
Hannah Boyd, 
Jane Dunlop, 
Mary Cushing, 
Mary Edwards, 
Martha Knights, 
Patience Tyler, 
Oct. 14. James Hunkins, 
Joseph S. Allen, 
Lorenzo S. Cragin, 
Susannah Cragin, 
Marybelle Neilson, 
Dorcas Ann Jewett, 



82 



1827* Oct. 14. Hepzibah C. Sterns, 
Jane Bailey, 
Mary Turner, 
Sarah Tilden, 
Susan L. Nye, 
Sarah Cushing, 
Mary E. Wilson, 

1828, Jan. 27. Susan B. Perrin, 
Sarah Tegue, 
Elizabeth A. Peabody, 
Ruth E. Wyman, 
Rebecca Homes, 
Anna Hooper, 
April 27. Lucinda Butters, r. 
Charles Blake, 
Ruth Williams, 
Sally Bean, 
Mary Gilson, 
Frances Cheever, 
Ann M. Dean, 
Sarah F. Marshall, 
Oct. 26. Tobias Lord, r. 
Hannah Lord, r. 
Thcmas R. Warren, r. 
Sarah Howe, r. 
Ursula T. Holbrook, r, 
Ann Coverly, r. 
Jane Nichols, r. 
Lydia Woods, r. 
Charlotte Lynch,. 



83 

1828. Oct. 26. Margaret Burt, 

Mercy Jellison, 
Phebe Perkins, 
Caroline Howard, 
Eliza Jenkins, 
Elizabeth Whitman, 
Rebecca Spalding, 
Sarah Ann Wilson, 
Nov. 30. Sarah H. Francis, 
William W. Cutler, 
Jane Clough, r. 

1829. April 26. Joseph F. Dickinson > 

Frederick Dean, 
Alice Grao-or, 
Mary Jones, 
Lois Sparhawk, 
Mary Ann Wood, 
Mary Ann Blacker, 
Sept. 27. Joseph Blood, r. 
Julia Morse, r. 
Martha Thayer, r. 
Lydia W. Thayer, r. 
Mary Ann Hay, r. 
Comfort Penniman, 
Mary Taylor, 
Mary A. Lacoutre, 
Miriam P. Blagden, 

1830. Feb. 28. Elizabeth Dunlop, 

Fanny Woods, 
Ruby Cary, 



84 



1830. Feb. 28. Sarah Bean, 

June 27. Charles Cleveland, r. 
Louisa K. Kimball, r. 
Elizabeth Huntington, r 
Edmund Town, 
William F. Tuckerman, 
Mary Ames, 

Sept. 26. Abigail Fellows, r. 
Mary Webster, 
Sally Tilden, 
Eliza Richards, 
Sarah Pray, 

Nov. 29. Rachel Soper, r. 

Caroline M. Perry, 
Louisa Bird, 
Mary Ann Wolcott, 
Elizabeth Gilson, 
1831. Jan. 30. Harlem Riley, r. 
Mary Gilson, r. 
Lydia Ann Randall, r. 
George W. Blake, 
Rachel R. Thayer, 

March 27. Timothy Dewing, 

Elizabeth M. Woolsey, 

June 26. Elizabeth Rogers, r. 
Mary Kimball, r. 
Joanna Waterman, r. 
Joshua B. Kimball, 
Harriet Scott, 
Mary Ann Scott, 
Dolly Raymore, 



85 



1831. June 26. Mary Ann W. Trott ? 

Louisa F. Pickens, 
July 31. Susan Saunders, 
Jane C. Coverly, 
Mary Bailey, 
Sarah Brown, 
Eliza Tebbets, 
Sept. 25* John H. Tomlinsori, 
Elizabeth Tomlinson, 
Lucy Hunkins, 
Abigail Severance, 
Sophia S. Bryant, 
Mary Ann Dean, 
Dec. 25. Uriel Croeker, 

Martin L. Gates, 
Ruth Bonner, 
Sarah Thaxter, 
Lois B. Goodnow, 
Sophia Taylor, 
Susannah W. Brewer, 

1832. Feb. 26. Joseph E. Brown, 

Mary Gray, 
Mary R. Ingersol, 
July 29. Olive Dickenson, 
Samuel Davis, 

1833. Feb. 24. Sarah K. Crocker, 

Mary A. Winslow, 
Nov. 24. Eliza Stone, r. 

Mary A. Stoddard, r, 

1834. Oct. 5. Mary Gray, 



86 



1835, April 26. Catherine S. Davis, 

Elizabeth Davis, 
Lucy W. Davis, 
Mary A. Murdock, 
Mary F. Dean, 

1836, Sept. 28. George W. Blagden, Pastor, 
Dec. 25. Louisa Farnham, r. 

Ann Reynolds, r. 
Betsey Sprague, r. 
Henry Davenport, 
Mary Wood, r. 
Mary Greenleaf, 
Charlotte A. Johnson, 
Eliza A. Richardson, 
Elizabeth J. Shapleigh, 
Mercy B. Delano, 

1837, March 26. Rebecca Fessenden, 

Richard W. Shapleigh, r. 

Elizabeth Willet, r. 

Octavia B. Jones, r. 

Amos G. Bartlett, r. 

Nahum Porter, 
July 30. Daniel T. Coit, r. 

Jane G. L. Coit, r. 

Caroline S. Trott, 

Elizabeth G. Somerby, 
Nov. 26. I. Merrill Kimball, r. 

Samuel A. Danforth, r. 

Martha E. Cummings, r. 

Louisa W. Holbrook, 



87 



1837. Nov. 26. Harriet L. Dickinson, 

Sarah H. Brown, 

1838. Feb. 25. John Appleton, 

Wm. Fox Richardson, 
Wm. Ward Davenport, 

May 27. Charles Shapleigh, r. 
John H. Shapleigh, r. 
Hannah Berry, 
Isabella Stuart, 

June 24. Charles A. Green, 
Thomas B. Dean, 
Mary Jane Gun, 
Betsey C. Chaffin, 
July 29. Hannah Tead, 

Elizabeth J. Trott, 

Sept 30. Lucy C. Puffer, 

Nov. 25. Henry H. Jones, 

Barzillai M. Howe, 
Abigail Cunningham, r. 
Mary Ann Stuart, r. 
Eliza D. Dyer, r. 
Caroline Howe, 
Hannah B. Sprague, 

1839. Jan. 27. Adeline Blanchard, r. 

Charlotte H. Baker, r. 
April 28. Melissa R. Hadley r. 

Zubia Dodge, r. 
May 26. George R. Sampson, 

Abby J. Sampson, 

Miriam C. W alley, 



88 



1839. May 26. Abigail B. P. Walley, 

Charlotte Burr, r. 
Nov. 24. Charles W. Davenport, 
Eliza S. Burgess, 

1840. March 29. Stephen W. Marsh, r. 

Mary A. Marsh, r. 

Mary Lane, 

Sarah E. Tead, 
April 26. Ann H. Lyman, r. 

Catherine Thayer, r. 

Rachel B. Seaver, 
June 28. Edward Coverly, 

Elizabeth O. Savage, 

Harriet Mills, r. 

Eliza B. Richardson, r. 

Mary Jane Carnes, 
Dec. 27. Charles E. Abbott, r. 

David Buck, r. 

Matilda S. Buck, 

Mary Ann Niles, r. 

Mary S. Jones, r. 

Rebecca McDonald, r. 



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